Grade 4 astrocytomas are aggressive brain cancers. Prognosis varies but typically includes surgery, radiation therapy (RT), and chemotherapy (CT). She should see her team regularly along with other experts if they feel it necessary. New symptoms such as fever, seizures increased headaches or behavioral changes mean that we need an immediate discussion so we may start correctly with the treatment regime too isolated be too. Medical guidance is important in deciding what will work ultimately.

I cannot provide personalized medical advice or diagnose online. If you are concerned about your son's health and whether he needs shunt surgery, consult with a professional pediatrician or a neurosurgeon. Shunt surgery is recommended for individuals with hydrocephalus or other conditions that cause an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain, leading to increased pressure and damage to brain tissue.

A dilated blood vessel is not necessarily the same as an aneurysm, but it can sometimes indicate one. Follow up with a doctor for evaluation and any necessary treatment.

Hepatic encephalopathy, which is the cause of her coma, can result in some temporary changes in personality and slow thinking. This is because the liver is not functioning properly and the toxins are building up in the brain. However, these effects might be lessened with treatment and time. 

The fat-like stitches you are telling me about could be swollen tissue from the injury. The head injury side effects like irritated hair roots and swelling are the symptoms that would show up after a head injury. At the point of not seeking help for yourself, you put yourself at a higher risk. A doctor can diagnose the problem and pick the best remediation method for you which can be medication, wound care, or surgery. 

The CT scan showing a mass near your pineal gland could be a meningioma or a pineocytoma, two tumors that can have similar effects. Both of them may result in headaches and vision problems. A neurosurgeon can help run through the methods, and the main treatment can consist of surgery or other alternatives, as the specific type of tumor requires. 

It is always best to consult with her doctor to see what's the best course of action is for her. However, medications such as oxybutynin, tolterodine, and solifenacin may be effective in treating urinary incontinence. Additionally, physical therapy and pelvic floor exercises may help improve her walking and bladder control.

Talk to your doctor of your symptoms and they can recommend appropriate treatment options like therapy, medication, or a combination of both. Practice good sleep, avoid caffeine and electronics before bedtime and establish a regular sleep routine, this can help improve insomnia symptoms.