Stage 4 colon cance­r means that the disease­ spreads beyond its origin. Weight loss, fatigue­, abdominal pain - these are pote­ntial symptoms. Surgery, chemothe­rapy, radiation therapy - as treatment options do e­xist. Work closely with an oncologist for optimal treatment strate­gy. 

PET scans and fluid biopsies are valuable approaches for the detection of lung cancer. In case you have symptoms like persistent coughing, chest pain, or shortness of breath it is recommended to see a doctor who specializes in lung cancer either a pulmonologist or oncologist. 

The number of chemotherapy sessions required for rectosigmoid cancer, also known as sigmoid colon cancer, can vary depending on the stage of the cancer, the patient's health, and the treatment plan recommended by their oncologist. Chemotherapy might be used as a part of the treatment for advanced stages of rectosigmoid cancer.

The biology and behavior of breast cancer will be considered for planning the treatment of breast cancer. Treatment options also depends on several factors like the tumor subtype, hormone receptor status, stage of the tumor, patient's age, general health, menopausal status, and preferences. The presence of known mutations in inherited breast cancer genes, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2. There are some general steps commonly preferred for treating early-stage and locally advanced breast cancer. Doctors generally recommend surgery to remove the tumor in breast. Though the goal of surgery is to remove all the cancer which is visible but microscopic cells sometimes remain behind. Therefore another surgery may be required. For cancers which are large or are rapidly growing, the clinician suggest systemic treatment with chemotherapy or hormonal therapy before surgery. This is called neo-adjuvant therapy. This helps in shrinking the tumor which is easy to operate; also breast can be preserved in some cases. After surgery it is important to check for recurrence. Then adjuvant therapy is advised. Adjuvant therapies may include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and/or hormonal therapy When surgery to remove the cancer is not possible, it is called inoperable, and then Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, and/or hormonal therapy may be given to shrink the cancer. For recurrent cancer, treatment options depend on how the cancer was first treated and the characteristics of the cancer. What will be the line of treatment in your case will depend on your clinical condition. You can take one more opinion to a clear understanding of your concerns. Consult Cancer Treatment doctors in Mumbai, or any other city you find convenient.

Consult oncologists. Hope our answer helps you.

There are many treatment options for liver cancer like oral targeted therapy, Immunotherapy and these options are now available in India.

• Physiological – climate change, frequent nervous overstrain, inappropriate nutrition, menopause
• Pathological – gynecological diseases, chronic pathologies of internal organs and systems that have a negative impact on the work of the pelvic organs
• Medication – taking hormonal contraceptives, glucocorticoids, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants that can affect the menstrual cycle.

Violation of menstruation in women after 40 years is most often associated with age- related changes in the reproductive system. At this age, the depletion of the ovarian follicular reserve occurs, and the frequency of anovulatory cycles increases.  Such changes in the female body are initially caused by irregular periods, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, then menopause.

In young girls, menstruation disorders is often associated with uneven maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary and ovarian systems. Less commonly, congenital or acquired syndromes, chromosomal disorders, or reproductive system abnormalities can be the cause. Regardless of the cause, the treatment of the failure of menstruation should be carried out under the guidance of a gynecologist.

Symptoms of menstruation disorders

Depending on the etiological factor, menstrual irregularities can manifest themselves in different ways, therefore, a classification of clinical manifestations has been derived in gynecology, including:

• Algodismenorrhea – accompanied by pulling pains in the lower abdomen, nausea, headaches, menstruation failure
• Dysmenorrhea – an unstable cycle, manifests itself sharply without accompanying symptoms
• Hypermenorrhea – profuse flow of menstruation with a normal duration
• Menorrhagia – the cycle lasts up to 12 days with profuse bleeding
• Hypomenorrhea – scanty spotting
• Polymenorrhea – the interval between menstruation is not more than 21 days
• Oligomenorrhea – short periods with a duration of 1 – 2 days
• Opsomenorrhea – rare discharge at intervals of 1 time in 3 months.

In addition to the main clinical signs, there may be other symptoms that worsen a woman’s well-being and quality of life:

• Increased fatigue
• Irritability
• Decrease or increase in body weight
• Pain in the lower back or lower abdomen of varying intensity
• Nausea
   
• Frequent headaches, migraines.

All of the above symptoms should not be ignored by the doctor, who, after the results of the examination, will be able to determine the cause, make the correct diagnosis, choose the necessary therapy, and give recommendations.

How and what to treat

When a woman has a menstrual disorder, the doctor will necessarily prescribe a number of instrumental and laboratory tests:

• Ultrasound
• Histological analysis
• Colposcopy
• Flora smear
• Dad test
• Analysis of blood, urine
• Infectious screening.

The research results will help the doctor get a complete picture, determine the cause, and, if necessary, select drug therapy.

Treatment for menstrual irregularities directly depends on the cause, concomitant symptoms and characteristics of the patient’s body. If physiological reasons are the cause, it is enough to normalize the regime of the day and rest, monitor nutrition, and avoid physical and psychological stress.

When the cycle is disrupted due to infections, inflammatory processes of the ovaries, antibacterial drugs, uroseptics, hormonal drugs, physiotherapy, vitamin therapy are prescribed.  Herbal medicine is prescribed as an aid. The choice of any drug always remains with the attending physician, who will select the required dose and duration of administration.

To regulate menstruation, doctors often advise to follow a diet, to exclude contact with any provoking factors. If the failure of menstruation occurs due to damage to the cervix, the woman may be prescribed surgical treatment.

Treatment and Prevention Tips

In order to avoid menstrual irregularities, doctors in the field of gynecology recommend women and girls to monitor their health, not to self-medicate. Every woman must follow certain rules, as well as have the necessary information:

• Girls’ periods should begin at the age of 10-14 years
• Keep a menstrual calendar
• Visit a gynecologist at least once every 6 months
• Timely treat all gynecological diseases
• Not to self-medicate, uncontrolled intake of medications
• Balance the menu
• Lead an active and healthy lifestyle.

Chemo can be used as a therapy if in case you have cancerous tumors such as in the lungs and kidneys. The choice is whether to try the chemo or not, which is to be done by a professional who is familiar with the individual condition of the patient and who can look at their medical history. It is highly advisable to seek the opinion of an oncologist for a thorough evaluation and care of the cancer.

As per my understanding the patient is having severe back shoulder pain, legs pain, itching on the breast also the breast size has reduced. The patient feels it is because of cancer. Consult a physician, who on evaluating the reason and will guide you accordingly. The pain and the changes in the body can be due to various reasons it can be due to age related, deficiency of some vitamins and minerals, side effect of some medication if the patient is on medication, stress or some other Pathology. Lifestyle changes are also very important like eating right food, good and enough sleep, stress management, counselling. Consult a physician, refer this page if it helps - General Physicians in India. Hope our answer helps you.

Yes, there are treatments available for advanced prostate cancer, like hormone therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy. The choice of cancer treatment and the hospital depends on thecancer stage, patient health, and some characteristics.

I am very sorry to know your diagnosis of cancer. I would like to know your age and also how the cancer was diagnosed, was a biopsy sent, and what is the report of that biopsy? You definitely need to see a gynecologic oncologist with your biopsy reports.