For the tumors of the salivary glands in the mouth first most important study is to have a biopsy and radiographic investigations such as MRI to assess the nature of the disease whether Benign or Malignant. So Visit oncologist with your biopsy and MRI for the exact nature of the tumor.

The findings from this PET-CT scan suggest the presence of multiple hypermetabolic (actively metabolizing) lesions in various parts of the body. This pattern of findings raises concerns about the possibility of metastatic cancer, meaning that cancer may have spread from its original site to other areas of the body. The exact stage and extent of cancer would require further evaluation by an oncologist from the best cancer hospital in India, including additional tests and imaging.

Enzyme therapy for cancer uses enzymes to break down cancer cells. The advantage of this therapy is that it may be less toxic than traditional cancer treatments and could potentially target cancer cells more specifically. 

Please perform colonoscopy and biopsy along with PETCT whole body and then consult a oncologist for proper line of treatment.

Your uncle's situation with re­current squamous cell carcinoma on the opposite­ side of his tongue is difficult. Treating this type­ of cancer again can involve surgery, radiation the­rapy, or combining both approaches. The reason for re­currence often ste­ms from remaining cancerous cells le­ft behind after initial surgery. Your uncle­ must consult his oncologist about subsequent treatme­nt options available.

Gastrointestinal bleeding may be one of the symptoms of colon cancer. Consult an oncologist, who on examining the patient, may advise some tests like blood tests, stool test, colonoscopy and others, based on these test reports the doctor will come to a conclusion whether the patient is having colon cancer or not, and then will guide you to choose the best treatment suitable for the patient. Hope our answer helps you.

Mastectomy is removal of breast. But further details are needed which are not mentioned by you, to answer your concern. Still consult general surgeons who will examine and evaluate you and then guide you regarding the procedure. Hope our answer helps you.

Yes the HPV vaccine is indeed given for the prevention of cervical cancer. The vaccine helps protect against certain strains of HPV that are known to cause cervical cancer, as well as other types of cancer and genital warts. 

Persistent throat pain can have many causes.. and while smoking is a known risk factor for throat cancer, it doesn't necessarily mean you have cancer if you experience throat pain. There are many other possible reasons for throat discomfort, like infections, allergies, acid reflux, or even smoking-related issues like irritation and inflammation. If you're very concerned you can visit for a checkup at your nearest cancer hospital.

As per my understanding your mother is suffering from T-cell lymphoma stage 3. As per literature the survival rate for lymphoma stage III, is of 5 years in 83% of patients. But still she needs to be under observation of an oncologist. Further investigations, treatment all depends on her general condition and stage and type of cancer. Routine cytology with PET scans, and others may be required. But line of investigations is all planned according to patient's response to treatment and doctor's decision. It varies from case to case. Consult an oncologist. You may check this link and get in touch with experts having relevant qualifications - 10 Best Oncologist In India.

• Physiological – climate change, frequent nervous overstrain, inappropriate nutrition, menopause
• Pathological – gynecological diseases, chronic pathologies of internal organs and systems that have a negative impact on the work of the pelvic organs
• Medication – taking hormonal contraceptives, glucocorticoids, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants that can affect the menstrual cycle.

Violation of menstruation in women after 40 years is most often associated with age- related changes in the reproductive system. At this age, the depletion of the ovarian follicular reserve occurs, and the frequency of anovulatory cycles increases.  Such changes in the female body are initially caused by irregular periods, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, then menopause.

In young girls, menstruation disorders is often associated with uneven maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary and ovarian systems. Less commonly, congenital or acquired syndromes, chromosomal disorders, or reproductive system abnormalities can be the cause. Regardless of the cause, the treatment of the failure of menstruation should be carried out under the guidance of a gynecologist.

Symptoms of menstruation disorders

Depending on the etiological factor, menstrual irregularities can manifest themselves in different ways, therefore, a classification of clinical manifestations has been derived in gynecology, including:

• Algodismenorrhea – accompanied by pulling pains in the lower abdomen, nausea, headaches, menstruation failure
• Dysmenorrhea – an unstable cycle, manifests itself sharply without accompanying symptoms
• Hypermenorrhea – profuse flow of menstruation with a normal duration
• Menorrhagia – the cycle lasts up to 12 days with profuse bleeding
• Hypomenorrhea – scanty spotting
• Polymenorrhea – the interval between menstruation is not more than 21 days
• Oligomenorrhea – short periods with a duration of 1 – 2 days
• Opsomenorrhea – rare discharge at intervals of 1 time in 3 months.

In addition to the main clinical signs, there may be other symptoms that worsen a woman’s well-being and quality of life:

• Increased fatigue
• Irritability
• Decrease or increase in body weight
• Pain in the lower back or lower abdomen of varying intensity
• Nausea
   
• Frequent headaches, migraines.

All of the above symptoms should not be ignored by the doctor, who, after the results of the examination, will be able to determine the cause, make the correct diagnosis, choose the necessary therapy, and give recommendations.

How and what to treat

When a woman has a menstrual disorder, the doctor will necessarily prescribe a number of instrumental and laboratory tests:

• Ultrasound
• Histological analysis
• Colposcopy
• Flora smear
• Dad test
• Analysis of blood, urine
• Infectious screening.

The research results will help the doctor get a complete picture, determine the cause, and, if necessary, select drug therapy.

Treatment for menstrual irregularities directly depends on the cause, concomitant symptoms and characteristics of the patient’s body. If physiological reasons are the cause, it is enough to normalize the regime of the day and rest, monitor nutrition, and avoid physical and psychological stress.

When the cycle is disrupted due to infections, inflammatory processes of the ovaries, antibacterial drugs, uroseptics, hormonal drugs, physiotherapy, vitamin therapy are prescribed.  Herbal medicine is prescribed as an aid. The choice of any drug always remains with the attending physician, who will select the required dose and duration of administration.

To regulate menstruation, doctors often advise to follow a diet, to exclude contact with any provoking factors. If the failure of menstruation occurs due to damage to the cervix, the woman may be prescribed surgical treatment.

Treatment and Prevention Tips

In order to avoid menstrual irregularities, doctors in the field of gynecology recommend women and girls to monitor their health, not to self-medicate. Every woman must follow certain rules, as well as have the necessary information:

• Girls’ periods should begin at the age of 10-14 years
• Keep a menstrual calendar
• Visit a gynecologist at least once every 6 months
• Timely treat all gynecological diseases
• Not to self-medicate, uncontrolled intake of medications
• Balance the menu
• Lead an active and healthy lifestyle.

Treatment for any cancer depends on the stage of cancer, age of patient, his general condition mainly. But mainly the treatment includes - Surgery. Surgeon removes affected part or sometimes a lobe or entire lung, depending on all the parameters of patient. Types of surgeries are- Wedge resection, Segmental resection, Lobectomy and Pneumonectomy. Doctors may also remove lymph nodes from chest to check for cancer. Doctor may suggest chemo or radiation therapy before surgery in order to shrink the cancer if it is a large. Also the same may be done in case recurrence is suspected. Radiation therapy It is also recommended in whom surgery is not recommended as the first line of treatment.. Chemotherapy Chemo along with adjuvant treatment to surgery also is given to relieve pain and other symptoms in advanced cancer. Radiosurgery Radiosurgery can be advised for people with small lung cancers who can't undergo surgery. It may be given in metastasis of cancer. Targeted drug therapy It is also one of the treatments available but usually used in advance cancer. Immunotherapy Is a newer treatment used in treating cancer. Please consult Oncologists in Mumbai, or any other city. Hope this helps.

You need to consult a medical oncologist so that he can guide you for the proper treatment.