Hepatologyy

It is possible for the liver to regenerate, especially if the damage to the liver is not too severe. However, this is not always the case, and the extent to which the liver can regenerate may depend on the underlying cause of the liver damage. 

There are several treatments that may be helpful in managing chronic liver disease. These may include medications to control symptoms and complications, such as ascites, and lifestyle changes, such as following a healthy diet and avoiding alcohol. In some cases, a liver transplant may be necessary if the liver damage is severe and not reversible. 

You must follow your doctor's recommendations for treatment and to continue to monitor your liver function tests and other symptoms closely. It is also important to avoid activities that could further damage your liver, such as drinking alcohol and taking certain medications that may be harmful to the liver.

• Hepatitis B carriers are persons who carry the hepatitis B virus in their blood but do not experience symptoms. Between 6% and 10% of persons infected with the virus will become carriers and will be able to infect others without knowing it.

• A considerable proportion of chronic hepatitis B (HBV) patients are in the inactive carrier state, which is characterised by normal transaminase levels, limited viral replication, and little liver necroinflammatory activity. After at least one year of frequent monitoring, a diagnosis is made, and lifelong follow-up is required to ensure that this status is maintained.

• In case there is no improvement in HBVDNA levels, consult your expert but do not stop the medication on your own.

• Drugs prescribed such as Tafero (tenofovir) acts by ceasing the production of new viruses, blocks or slows viral proliferation in human cells, and eliminates the infection and also boost the level of CD4 cells (white blood cells that fight infection) in your blood. Entaliv (entecavir) acts by inhibiting the viral replications processes like reverse transcription, DNA replication and transcription.

• Seek the advice of a hepatologist so that your treatment may be adjusted according to your specific needs and preferences.

• Cirrhosis is a late stage of liver scarring (fibrosis) induced by a variety of liver disorders and conditions, including hepatitis and persistent drinking. When your liver is damaged, whether through illness, excessive alcohol intake, or another cause, it attempts to restore itself. Scar tissue arises as a result of the procedure.

• It causes scar tissue to grow, making it harder for the liver to function (decompensated cirrhosis) and is considered to be potentially fatal by nature. The liver damage is often irreversible. However, if detected early and the underlying cause is addressed, additional damage can be reduced and, in rare cases, reversed.

• It often has no signs or symptoms until liver damage is extensive.

• On damage the following signs/symptoms can be seen  - Fatigue , easy bleeding/bruising , Loss of appetite, Nausea, pedal/ankle odema, Weight loss, Itchy skin, Yellow coloured eyes and skin, ascites(fluid accumulation in abdomen), spiderlike blood vessels, redness of palms, absence/loss of periods (not related to menopause), libido and gynecomastia(breast growth in males)/testicular atrophy, Confusion, sleepiness, and slurred speech (hepatic encephalopathy)

• Usually, the total bilirubin test shows 1.2 mg/dL for adults and 1 mg/dL for children under the age of 18. The normal value for direct bilirubin is 0.3 mg/dL.

• Normal findings may differ somewhat between men and women, and results may be influenced by particular diets, drugs, or severe activity. Bilirubin levels that are lower than normal are typically not a cause for worry. Elevated levels might be a sign of liver injury or illness.

• Higher-than-normal amounts of direct bilirubin in your blood may suggest that your liver isn't adequately removing bilirubin. Elevated indirect bilirubin levels may signal other issues.

• Gilbert's syndrome, a lack in an enzyme that aids in the breakdown of bilirubin, is a frequent and innocuous cause of high bilirubin. Further tests may be ordered by your doctor to explore your situation. Bilirubin test results can also be used to track the evolution of specific illnesses like jaundice.

• Further laboratory investigations such as AST(aspartate aminotransferase), ALT(alanine transaminase), ALP(alkaline phosphatase) and GGT(gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase); Total Albumin, Lactic Dehydrogenase, Alpha protein, 5’nucleotide, mitochondrial antibody and PTT levels need to be determined and procedures such as CT scan, MRI (for liver tissue damage) and biopsy (in case of chance of any cancerous growth) need to be performed.

You can also visit hepatologist for detailed treatment.

• There are various types of liver cancer, out of which the most common is hepatocellular carcinoma, it begins from the liver cell (hepatocyte), and others are intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatoblastoma, they are more rare.
• Cancer can either originate from liver, or it can start from another organ and then travel to liver which is also known as metastatic cancer.
• There's no clarity as to what causes it, but there is a link between chronic hepatitis infection and this cancer.
• People who have Cirrhosis, certain inherited liver diseases, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, consumed poorly stored crops, or who excessively consume alcohol are more prone to getting liver cancer.
• Treatment will vary depending on the type, but you can find our page attached which lists all the relevant hospitals - Best Liver Cancer Treatment Hospitals in India.
• Further, our blog will enlighten you on cost break down and other types - Liver Cancer Treatment.

We pray for speedy recovery of your father, and are also extremely sorry for replying late.

Liver enlargement and fatty liver are generally associated together. If a patient has a fatty liver, the patient needs to be evaluated for all metabolic syndrome which includes diabetes, hypertension, cholesterol and thyroid problems. Such individuals need to undergo Liver function test, also these patients may or may not need liver fibroscan to know if liver fibrosis has set in. Treatment depends upon the degree of liver injury and associated comorbidities. diagnosis of fatty liver should be taken seriously as some of these patients may develop NASH (non alcoholic steatohepatitis) in long term. You can refer this page to find hepatologists - Hepatologist in Mumbai, let the clinicspots team know if your city is different, or you can reach out to me as well.

If a patient has alcohol related liver injury generally treatment depends upon the degree of liver injury. some of the patients will recover after alcohol related liver injury but in case of severe alcoholic hepatitis liver transplant may be needed. You can refer this page - Hepatologist in Mumbai, or you can get in touch with me as well.

If your doctor has suggested that you are suffering from compensated cirrhosis, this means the patient is in the early stage of cirrhosis. such patients need to be evaluated thoroughly for the cause of cirrhosis. Also these patients need to be under regular follow up with liver specialists to diagnose and treat complications when and where these complications arise. Also these patients need to be under strict liver-related diet control. Diet is generally modified and custom made for each and every patient. Hope this clears your doubt and reach out if you do have unresolved queries!

• Based on the complaints, your mother is suffering from a disease associated with the liver function.

• Any disruption in liver function that produces ailment which is referred to as liver disease. The liver is in charge of several vital activities in the body, and if it becomes ill or damaged, the loss of such functions can cause serious harm to the body. Hepatic disease is another name for liver disease.

• Along with fever, vomiting, loss of appetite and extreme fatigue, stomach tightness bloating, abdominal pain can also be seen in individuals with liver diseases.

• Further investigations and procedures will provide you with a clarity.

• Laboratory investigations include AST(aspartate aminotransferase), ALT(alanine transaminase), ALP(alkaline phosphatase) and GGT(gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) Total Albumin, Lactic Dehydrogenase, Alpha protein, 5’nucleotide, mitochondrial antibody and PTT levels and procedures such as CT scan, MRI (for liver tissue damage) and biopsy (in case of chance of any cancerous growth).

• Infection, autoimmune liver illnesses such as cholangitis, Wilson's disease, cancer, alcoholic liver (due to alcohol overuse), non-alcoholic liver (due to excessive fat consumption), and drug-induced liver dysfunction are all possible causes of liver dysfunction.

• Lifestyle and diet changes can help in to reduce the further damage of liver.

• Consult a hepatologist for further evaluation and treatment.

In only rare cases is it observed that people get hepatitis B despite being vaccinated, in which case it could be blamed on unhealthy lifestyle or health problems as well, but then they respond more effectively to the second round of vaccine if in case they do acquire this disease despite vaccination. They are also known as vaccine non-responders. You can have baby though, the baby will be vaccinated against hepatitis A and B in the delivery room, followed by antibody titer test which will be conducted one month after the baby has been vaccinated, so as to see whether their body responded to the vaccine or not. Get in touch with hepatologists for second opinions, our page will help - Hepatologist in Chennai, let us know if your city is different or if there's any unaddressed question!

This might be a case of chronic hepatotoxicity, by being continuously monitored by the doctor and by avoiding certain drugs you could make a difference, find hepatologists on our page - Best Hepatologist in Mumbai. Let us know if your city is different!

You will be given medication and a second round of injection, with liver transplant being the final resort if your liver is severely damaged. Get in touch with a doctor, our page can help with same - Hepatologist in Delhi, let us know if your city is different or if you have any unresolved query!

Extremely sorry to know about his condition, you can refer this page to find best doctors with affordable prices - Hepatologist in Mumbai, and their profiles mention the hospitals where they work and where you can book an appointment through us, hope this helps.

• Fatty liver disease is a condition caused by fat buildup in the liver (i.e., when fat percentage exceeds 5 - 10% of your liver's weight), which can be caused by alcohol intake and/or a high fat diet. Individuals who are obese/overweight, have poor glycemic control/insulin resistance, have metabolic syndrome, and are taking specific drugs such as amiodarone, diltiazem, tamoxifen, or steroids are at risk of developing fatty liver.

• In some situations, it is thought to be symptomless, but in others, it can cause substantial liver damage. The good news is that it is frequently avoidable or reversible with lifestyle modifications.

• It progresses through 3 stages which include Steatohepatitis (swelling and damage of liver tissue), Fibrosis (scar tissue formation where your liver is damaged) and Cirrhosis (extensive scar tissue replacement with healthy tissue). Cirrhosis can lead to liver failure or cancer.

• Laboratory investigations consists of Liver functions tests such as AST, ALT, ALP and GGT; Total Albumin and Bilirubin, CBC, Test for viral infection, Fasting Blood Glucose, HbA1c and Lipid profile.

• Imaging procedures such as Ultrasound, CT /MRI, Elastography (for measuring stiffness of liver) and Magnetic resonance elastography and Biopsy (for ruling out any cancerous growth and for signs or any inflammation and scarring).

• If a patient has a fatty liver, he or she should be checked for the entire metabolic syndrome, which includes diabetes, hypertension, cholesterol, and thyroid issues.

• The best way to treat fatty liver is with making some lifestyle changes which can significantly improve your health which includes – Avoiding alcohol and High fat diet, Losing weight, taking medications for controlling glucose and fat(Triglyceride and Cholesterol) levels and Vitamin E with Thiazolidinediones in specific instances.

• Currently, no drug treatment is approved for management of fatty liver disease.

In order to prevent further progression of disease one can:

 Maintain a healthy weight by consuming food less/minimal in in its fat percentage.

 Follow a Mediterranean diet which is high in vegetables, fruits and good fats.

 Exercise regularly for 45 minutes where in you can include combination of cycling with walking, cardio, CrossFit and yoga with meditation.

 Restrict alcohol consumption

 Consult a hepatologist near you for further evaluation and treatment and your dietician for advice on fat loss.

Based on the complaints and elevated bilirubin levels you seem to be suffering from a type of liver disorder, a condition wherein excess accumulation of bilirubin (a brown yellow coloured compound formed in breaking down of red blood cells) occurs. With loss of appetite, vomiting, stomach tightness and bloating; fever, extreme fatigue and abdominal pain can also be seen in liver diseases.

• There are multiple causes for development of liver dysfunction such as infection, autoimmune liver diseases like cholangitis, Wilson’s disease, cancer, alcoholic liver (due to alcohol abuse) and non-alcoholic (due to excessive consumption of fats) and drug induced.

• When using a medicine that is known to have the potential to cause liver damage, your doctor may recommend you to have blood tests done on a routine basis after starting the medication so that any signs of liver damage may be recognised before symptoms develop.

• Common medications that can cause damage to the liver include Paracetamol, Statins – drugs for lowering cholesterol levels and certain herbs.

• Other liver function parameters such as AST(aspartate aminotransferase), ALT(alanine transaminase), ALP(alkaline phosphatase) and GGT(gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) bilirubin are required to be evaluated and additional to this for determining the exact cause of dysfunction especially to confirm presence of jaundice; urinalysis, CT (for distinguishing between biliary obstruction and liver disease including cancer) and liver biopsy (for ruling out concern about possible liver cancer) needs to performed.

• The treatment is based on the underlying cause and damage levels and can range from dietary changes, medications such as antibiotics, sedatives, etc to liver transplants.

• Consult hepatologist near you for further assessment and treatment.

There's no medication that has been approved to treat this condition, but lifestyle changes and home remedies can reverse or undo a lot of damage caused by this disease, may even stop or slow down its progress. We will recommend the following to you:

• Avoid alcohol.
• Reduce weight.
• Ensure that your daily diet is nutrient-rich and has less of saturated fats, trans fats, and processed carbohydrates.
• Constantly examine and regulate your blood sugar, triglyceride levels, and cholesterol levels.
• If you are diabetic then stringently follow the recommended treatment plan without any delay or neglect.
• Exercise at least 30 minutes.

We feel that nutritionist will play a crucial role in helping you improve your lifestyle, so check out our page - Dietitian/Nutritionists in Pune.
And if you have any complication which has resulted from your condition, then definitely consult a hepatologist - Hepatologists in Pune.

Let us know your city so that we can provide better and more personalized recommendations!