Sir please get in touch with our experienced team of Oncologists for a consult as they have to determine whether it is same disease or new and what is best treatment strategy from a holistic point of view.

Metastatic squamous ce­ll carcinoma - that's the type of cancer you have­. It means cancer has spread. Doctors sugge­st Pembrolizumab treatment. This the­rapy costs thousands per session. You may nee­d several sessions. The­ outlook varies from person to person. For some­, Pembrolizumab shrinks or stops cancer growth. Others don't re­spond well. Discuss potential bene­fits and risks with your oncologist. 

It can be done through a bone marrow biopsy or aspiration. 

Kindly follow the instructions of your oncologist and start treatment accordingly. Side effects of chemotherapy can be controlled and treated adequately

Immunotherapy is a newer treatment to treat cancer along with other therapies. But it all depends on treating clinician's discretion, as treatment depends from case to case. Consult Cancer Treatment doctors in Mumbai, or any other city of your preference, get evaluated and then plan treatment under strict medical supervision. Hope our answer helps you.

As per my understanding your patient is diabetic and needs to undergo a pet scan. If diabetes is under control and any other vital organs like kidney are functioning normally and if not contraindicated, then definitely the patient can undergo pet scan. But you need to consult Physician so that he can guide you regarding pet scan. Hope our answer helps you. You can refer this page to find doctors who can give second opinions - General Physicians in India.

This type of cance­r often leads to irregular ble­eding and discomfort in the pelvic re­gion. Following surgery, chemothe­rapy or radiation may eliminate lingering cance­r cells. Regular medical e­xaminations are crucial to track her condition. Please visit an oncologist for a personalized treatment plan.

• Physiological – climate change, frequent nervous overstrain, inappropriate nutrition, menopause
• Pathological – gynecological diseases, chronic pathologies of internal organs and systems that have a negative impact on the work of the pelvic organs
• Medication – taking hormonal contraceptives, glucocorticoids, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants that can affect the menstrual cycle.

Violation of menstruation in women after 40 years is most often associated with age- related changes in the reproductive system. At this age, the depletion of the ovarian follicular reserve occurs, and the frequency of anovulatory cycles increases.  Such changes in the female body are initially caused by irregular periods, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, then menopause.

In young girls, menstruation disorders is often associated with uneven maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary and ovarian systems. Less commonly, congenital or acquired syndromes, chromosomal disorders, or reproductive system abnormalities can be the cause. Regardless of the cause, the treatment of the failure of menstruation should be carried out under the guidance of a gynecologist.

Symptoms of menstruation disorders

Depending on the etiological factor, menstrual irregularities can manifest themselves in different ways, therefore, a classification of clinical manifestations has been derived in gynecology, including:

• Algodismenorrhea – accompanied by pulling pains in the lower abdomen, nausea, headaches, menstruation failure
• Dysmenorrhea – an unstable cycle, manifests itself sharply without accompanying symptoms
• Hypermenorrhea – profuse flow of menstruation with a normal duration
• Menorrhagia – the cycle lasts up to 12 days with profuse bleeding
• Hypomenorrhea – scanty spotting
• Polymenorrhea – the interval between menstruation is not more than 21 days
• Oligomenorrhea – short periods with a duration of 1 – 2 days
• Opsomenorrhea – rare discharge at intervals of 1 time in 3 months.

In addition to the main clinical signs, there may be other symptoms that worsen a woman’s well-being and quality of life:

• Increased fatigue
• Irritability
• Decrease or increase in body weight
• Pain in the lower back or lower abdomen of varying intensity
• Nausea
   
• Frequent headaches, migraines.

All of the above symptoms should not be ignored by the doctor, who, after the results of the examination, will be able to determine the cause, make the correct diagnosis, choose the necessary therapy, and give recommendations.

How and what to treat

When a woman has a menstrual disorder, the doctor will necessarily prescribe a number of instrumental and laboratory tests:

• Ultrasound
• Histological analysis
• Colposcopy
• Flora smear
• Dad test
• Analysis of blood, urine
• Infectious screening.

The research results will help the doctor get a complete picture, determine the cause, and, if necessary, select drug therapy.

Treatment for menstrual irregularities directly depends on the cause, concomitant symptoms and characteristics of the patient’s body. If physiological reasons are the cause, it is enough to normalize the regime of the day and rest, monitor nutrition, and avoid physical and psychological stress.

When the cycle is disrupted due to infections, inflammatory processes of the ovaries, antibacterial drugs, uroseptics, hormonal drugs, physiotherapy, vitamin therapy are prescribed.  Herbal medicine is prescribed as an aid. The choice of any drug always remains with the attending physician, who will select the required dose and duration of administration.

To regulate menstruation, doctors often advise to follow a diet, to exclude contact with any provoking factors. If the failure of menstruation occurs due to damage to the cervix, the woman may be prescribed surgical treatment.

Treatment and Prevention Tips

In order to avoid menstrual irregularities, doctors in the field of gynecology recommend women and girls to monitor their health, not to self-medicate. Every woman must follow certain rules, as well as have the necessary information:

• Girls’ periods should begin at the age of 10-14 years
• Keep a menstrual calendar
• Visit a gynecologist at least once every 6 months
• Timely treat all gynecological diseases
• Not to self-medicate, uncontrolled intake of medications
• Balance the menu
• Lead an active and healthy lifestyle.

As per my understanding you want to know about the best therapy for lymphoma stage 2. Treatment and Prognosis of a cancer depends on many factors, which include the type of cancer, its stage and the age and general condition of the individual. The treatment for stage 2 lymphoma depends on the type of lymphoma, medical history of patient, and others. Line of treatment is mainly chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and stem cell therapy. Any modality of treatment depends upon the condition of patient, his age, type and stage of cancer. Treatment is stage wise. Immunotherapy is newer treatment and side effects may be mild to severe like skin reactions, flu-like symptoms, body ache, diarrhea, headaches etc. Regarding blood test ,most of the investigations are on similar pattern which are use to diagnose the disease with few variations. But choice of treatment depends on the clinician's decision and as per the response of patient. Consult an oncologist - Best Oncologist In India. Hope our answer helps you.

Treatment of cancer to a great extent depends on type of cancer, stage of Cancer, location of the cancer, general condition of patient, associated comorbidities and weighing benefits over risk. So considering these factors doctor will advise the treatment. Consult oncologists. Hope our answer helps you.

It is likely that the node in your armpit is an enlarged lymph node. This can happen due to infections or other medical conditions. You need to see a specialist who will diagnose the underlying cause and take appropriate measures. Sometimes, an oncologist or an infectious disease specialist has to be referred to.

Consult with an oncologist who can provide personalized advice and guidance based on your specific situation. They will consider factors such as the stage and type of cancer, previous treatments, and any other relevant medical history. 

There are immunotherapy drug which have been approved by FDA for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. But sometimes immunotherapy may cause side effects like Fever, Headache, Nausea, Fatigue, Muscle and joint aches, Redness, itching or sores where the needle was inserted and others. Consult Cancer Treatment doctors in Mumbai, or any other city of your choice, they will evaluate the patient and advise the best suitable treatment.